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IoT and Hardware Guide: Sensors, Connectivity, Remote Monitoring

IoT & Hardware

IoT device development, LoRa vs NB-IoT, IP ratings, automatic meter reading, licence plate recognition and remote monitoring guides, all in one place.

The Internet of Things makes the physical world measurable. A pump's flow rate, a meter reading, soil moisture in a field or the number plate at a car park barrier can all reach a central system without anyone having to go and look. It is a fast-growing layer of infrastructure: IoT Analytics' State of IoT 2025 expects connected IoT devices to reach 21.1 billion in 2025 and 39 billion by 2030. The business uses are becoming clearer, too. Eurostat's Use of Internet of Things in enterprises shows that in 2021, 30% of EU enterprises using IoT relied on it to manage energy consumption.

This hub collects our IoT and hardware articles into a reading path from first steps to decision. If you are thinking of building your own device, start with the IoT device development process, which walks through seven stages from idea to volume production. Then move on to two fundamental design choices: LoRa, NB-IoT or cellular for connectivity, and IP ratings explained for how well the device will stand up to dust and water in the field.

Going deeper, real applications take over: choosing a remote monitoring platform, automatic meter reading for utilities and municipalities, and one of the most valuable uses of that data, water loss analysis. On the video side, read about central management of ONVIF IP cameras, licence plate recognition and parking management systems. For agricultural projects, our guide to soil moisture sensors for precision agriculture covers sensor choice and placement.

For delivery, see our pages on device manufacturing and IoT, OSOS meter reading, remote monitoring and licence plate recognition. One team handles electronics and PCB design, mechanical enclosures, embedded software and the web and mobile panels, and the technical feasibility study for hardware projects is free. Before you start, note where the device will be installed, where its power will come from and how often it needs to send data.

Reading list by application

  • Self-service and information: self-service kiosks and digital signage.
  • Industry and facilities: retrofitting legacy machines, cold chain monitoring and HACCP and factory energy monitoring.
  • Making sense of the data: anomaly detection in sensor data and drone NDVI analysis.

All guides in this topic (2)

Questions we hear most often

Frequently Asked Questions

How do you choose connectivity for an IoT project?

Four questions decide it: how much data the device sends, how often, whether it runs on battery or mains power, and what coverage exists on site. For small payloads and long battery life, LoRa or NB-IoT fit well; for frequent or larger payloads, cellular (GSM or LTE) is better. Always confirm the choice with an on-site coverage survey.

Should we buy an off-the-shelf device or develop our own?

If an existing device meets your measurement, connectivity and durability needs, starting with it is quicker. Custom development makes sense when you need a specific measurement, plan large volumes, or find that available products do not suit the site. Either way, validate the approach in the field with a small pilot first before committing to a full roll-out.

What is the difference between IP65 and IP67?

Both ratings mean the device is fully protected against dust. The difference is water: IP65 withstands water jets from any direction, while IP67 withstands temporary immersion. For a cabinet exposed to rain, IP65 is usually enough; for a pit or manhole that may flood, you need IP67 at the very least.

Which organisations benefit from remote monitoring?

Any organisation with dispersed, unstaffed sites: pumping stations, substations and energy points, warehouses, cold rooms, telecom masts or farmland. The system reports faults and out-of-range values immediately, cuts the number of routine inspection trips and helps teams respond faster when something does go wrong, often before customers notice.

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